Linguistic Studies Research Articles

A Contrastive Study of Resultative Constructions in Albanian and Other Languages

In the last two or three decades, linguists have paid great attention to certain ways and means of expressing result, especially in English and other Germanic languages, but also in Neo-Latin and Slavic languages, as well as in Chinese, Japanese, Korean and the like. As Zhang (2009) notes, resultative constructions have a prominent place in contemporary linguistic studies, because they shed light on the nature of relationship between semantics and syntax. They have been examined not only based on the syntactic composition, but also on the structure of argument and lexical semantics. Formal analysis instruments, as well as functional and cognitive ones have been already used. However, the last word has not yet been said, since there are many other languages where the concept of result and the elements used to express it have not been examined deeply enough. This is especially true for languages spoken outside the Eurasian continent, but also for languages within this area, including Albanian. The following study is focused on different syntactic patterns by which the concept of result is codified in several languages belonging to different families, with the belief that this analysis will help to determine the position of Albanian language amidst these languages concerning resultative constructions in general.   Received: 21 March 2024 / Accepted: 28 May 2024 / Published: 5 May 2024

Attitudes towards Ruhrdeutsch: From miners’ slang to Ruhrpott love?

Abstract Given the body of research exploring regional vernaculars in Germany, it is somewhat surprising that the regiolect spoken in the Ruhr Area, the largest conurbation in Germany and home to 5.1 million inhabitants, has received only modest attention. This is true for linguistic studies and especially true for sociolinguistic studies investigating language attitudes towards Ruhrdeutsch (but see Bellamy 2016; Ziegler et al. 2017). Aiming to fill this gap and explore changes in language attitudes over time, this paper asks if the valorisation of Ruhrdeutsch has changed in recent years, namely, if Ruhrdeutsch has been ideologically upgraded from a low-status and stigmatised variety (Mihm 1997) to a variety serving as a regional symbol for all social groups. The empirical investigation is based on a stancetaking approach and relies on a corpus of narrative interviews with informants of different linguistic repertoires and age groups.

Adjectival phraseological units in representing national worldview

The national identity of the language is reflected in its phraseological fund. The identification of the actual national features of the semantics of phraseological units is possible only on the basis of a comparison ofstable turns ofdifferent languages. To cany out a comparative analysis of phraseological units containing components denoting a value, it is necessary to establish the national features of the language worldview and trace the process of linguistic conceptualization of the value. Each language has its own method of conceptualizing reality, which has its own specific and universal features. A comparative cultural linguistics study of the fund of the English and Karakalpak languages makes it possible to determine the common and national in matters of perception of magnitude by representatives of the two peoples.

Ma student,comparative linguistics and linguistic translation study

The dative case in Karakalpak corresponds to the English Nominative case with the preposition “to” or without it and usually precede dative verbs like: beriw (to give), jónetiw (to send), aytıw (to tell), uzatıw (to hand), satıw (to sell), etc. The words in the dative case indicate the direction of the subject to someone or something and answer questions: kimge? – to/for whom?, nege? – to/for what?, qayaqqa? –where? Karakalpak dative construction Olar Lauraǵa priz berdi is normally conveyed in two ways in English as in: They gave Laura a prize (without a preposition). They gave a prize to Laura (with a preposition). The dative case in Karakalpak is formed with the help of special endings: -ǵa/ge, -qa/ke, -na/ne, -a/e and their meaning is the same as the meanings of the English prepositions to and for: balaǵa – to a child, balalarǵa – to children.

Red- colour idioms in the karakalpak and English languages

The cognitive approach to the notion of language means the world conceptions, being the product of human consciousness, which are expressed by the forms of language means, but the meanings of these forms are understood as the system of certain knowledge and notions, described by these linguistic signs. During the latest investigations, linguists state that cognitive approach to the linguistic study has been emphasized as a basis of figurative characterization of idioms used with colour terms in the compared languages stands just cognition. Thus, all the idioms are created as a result of cognitive processes directly influencing on the conceptualization of reality, peculiar to this language and culture. Conceptualization is the whole of information of figurative and non-literal meaning created in the process of cognition of the world. The article is focused on investigating idioms, formulated by colour adjective red in the compared languages. In order to achieve the goal, descriptive and comparative-diachronic method were used.

A Cognitive Linguistic Study on the Polysemous Chinese Word “头”

The prototype category serves as the foundation for polysemy which is extended via metonymy and metaphor. As cognitive linguistics advances, it has become apparent that metaphor and metonymy are not merely poetic embellishments for language. Rather, they constitute a mode of thought and a form of cognition, by which we gain comprehension of new concepts. Due to the fact that the head is the most significant portion of the human body, it is frequently used in linguistic expressions. This study adopts qualitative descriptive study through the framework of prototype theory, metaphor, metonymy, and iconicity to make an analysis of the polysemous Chinese character “头” (head), which contributes to our understanding of the intricate interplay between language, cognition, and cultural associations.

Языковые средства создания негативного образа ископаемых энергоносителей в современном немецком медиадискурсе

The paper presents the results of a linguistic study of persuasive techniques based on German online media outlets publishing articles on the topics of energy, raw materials policy and economics. The aim of the study is to identify a persuasive strategy using which a negative image of fossil hydrocarbons is created in the modern German-language media discourse. The scientific novelty of the work lies in finding the main persuasive techniques that allow influencing public opinion on issues related to the extraction and use of fossil energy in the texts of the media discourse on raw materials. As a result of the study, the main persuasive techniques have been identified, which include the use of negatively charged epithets and metaphors based mainly on motivational components from the semantic fields “Wars”, “Catastrophes”, “Gambling”, as well as the employment of negatively charged precedent phenomena. In addition, the mechanism of the persuasive effect of these techniques has been investigated.

Effects of mobility on dialect change: Introducing the linguistic mobility index.

Increased geographical mobility prompts dialectologists to factor in survey participants' exposure to linguistic variation in their research. Changing mobility patterns (e.g. longer-distance commuting; easier relocation to distant places for work, study or marriage) have caused linguistic connections to become much more diverse, potentially contributing to the acceleration of dialect change. In this methodological work we propose the Linguistic Mobility Index (LMI) to estimate long-term exposure to dialectal variation and thereby to provide a reference of "localness" about survey participants. Based on data about a survey participant's linguistic biography, an LMI may comprise combinations of influential agents and environments, such as the dialects of parents and long-term partners, the places where participants have lived and worked, and the participants' level of education. We encapsulate the linguistic effects of these agents based on linguistic differences, the intensity and importance of the relationship. We quantify the linguistic effects in three steps. 1) The linguistic effect of an agent is represented by a linguistic distance, 2) This linguistic distance is weighted based on the intensity of the participant's exposure to the agent, and 3) Further weighted according to the relationship embodied by the agent. LMI is conceptualised and evaluated based on 500 speakers from 125 localities in the Swiss German Dialects Across Time and Space (SDATS) corpus, and guidance is provided for establishing LMI in other linguistic studies. For the assessment of LMI's applicability to other studies, four LMI prototypes are constructed based on the SDATS corpus, employing different theoretical considerations and combinations of influential agents and environments to simulate the availability of biographical data in other studies. Using mixed-effects modelling, we evaluate the utility of the LMI prototypes as predictors of dialect change between historic and contemporary linguistic data of Swiss German. The LMI prototypes successfully show that higher exposure to dialectal variation contributes to more dialect change and that its effect is stronger than some sociodemographic variables that are often tested for affecting dialect change (e.g. sex and educational background).

MUSA ADİLOVUN TƏDQİQATLARINDA NƏZƏRİ DİLÇİLİYİN METODOLOJİ ƏSASLARI

Methodological Foundations of Theoretical Linguistics in Studies of Musa Adilov Summary As a result of the conducted research, we can see that Musa Adilov was a linguist-scientist with invaluable services in the study of theoretical linguistics. He started his research on general linguistics with the oldest history of the language and brought a number of scientific innovations to the language. The author's scientific articles published in the book "Linguistic Problems" are considered to be successful linguistic materials, both linguistically and methodologically. In the book, various concepts existing in the language are presented to the readers together with the scientific experience of the author. These materials are also considered important examples in the development of various fields of linguistics. Key words: Musa Adilov, theoretical linguistics, language, general linguistics, linguistic problems

VERBAL İNTERAKTİVLİYİN PLÜRALİST YANAŞMADA TƏDRİSİNİN BƏZİ MƏSƏLƏLƏRİ

Some Issues of Teaching Verbal Interactivity in a Pluralistic Approaches Summary The article deals with the some issues of teaching verbal interactivity in a pluralistic approaches. When communicating in a foreign language, the rules for using speech activities and practical activities related to verbal interactivity in different situations are shown. The article also refers to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) in the application of verbal and non-verbal communication and the Framework of Reference for Pluralistic Approaches to Languages and Cultures(CARAP) developed under the leadership of Michel Candelier. In this regard, the use of gestures, facial expressions and body language to achieve effective communication during dialogues in cultural and natural situations is important in teaching French. The scientific studies of local and foreign linguists and methodologists on the subject have been analyzed and summarized. Key words: communication, interactivity, verbal communication, nonverbal communication, pluralistic approaches

DİLÇİLİK NƏZƏRİYYƏSİNİN İNKİŞAF TARİXİ

History of the Development of the Theory of Linguistics Summary The origin and development history of linguistic theory is reflected in the article. Here is also brief information about the emergence of linguistics and schools of linguistics since ancient times. The history of linguistics has developed through historical stages such as Indian linguistics, Greek linguistics, Roman linguistics, and Arabic linguistics until modern times. Linguistics examines and studies all parts of language, including its units, nature, structure, and change over time. This term was first used in 1829. In general, linguistics studies language and means of communication between people. The theoretical part of this field includes very important and diverse concepts that answer questions such as the origin and purpose of language creation, language characteristics, the process of language learning, language changes, and the role of language in human personality. In the practical part, the analysis of sentence structure, the role of words, semantics, the formation of sounds, language disorders, etc. is being investigated. Key words: history of linguistics, science of linguistics, Indian linguistics, Greek linguistics, Roman linguistics, historical linguistics, applied linguistics

Validation of the Turkish version of the Neurological Fatigue Index for Stroke

ABSTRACT Introduction Post-stroke fatigue is an often overlooked problem that hinders recovery. Therefore, stroke patients should be evaluated for fatigue during the recovery period. This study aimed to adapt the Neurological Fatigue Index for Stroke (NFI-Stroke) into the Turkish language. Methods This methodological study was carried out on 110 stroke patients admitted to a university hospital in Istanbul. In addition to the NFI-Stroke, Functional Independence Measure, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, modified-Rankin Scale, Fatigue Severity-Scale, and Stroke Self Efficacy Questionnaire were used to collect data. Results Since the linguistic validity study of the scale has already been carried out, only psychometric properties were evaluated. The items in the scale were grouped under two factors. The Cronbach`s alpha coefficient was found to be 0.96 for the physical sub-dimension and 0.84 for the cognitive sub-dimension. Item-total correlation coefficients were found between 0.74-0.91 for the physical sub-dimension, and 0.82-0.91 for the cognitive sub-dimension. The test-retest evaluation confirmed the consistency of the responses to the scale against time. The scale was correlated with other scales used in the study as expected. Conclusions The NFI-Stroke will be useful in clinical practice in assessment of fatigue, which may affect the adaptation of patients to rehabilitation.

The Last of Us? Czy istnieje przyszłość dla neofilologii?

The article is about philological studies in Poland. It discusses the results of a survey conducted at 43 programs at philological studies in 13 Polish universities, with the aim of outlining the profile of students starting their studies (first year of bachelor’s and master’s programs) and those completing them (final year of bachelor’s and master’s programs). In the first case, the goal was to understand the motivations for pursuing studies and the expectations associated with them. In the second case, the objective was to determine the level of satisfaction with the completed studies and the reasons for satisfaction or dissatisfaction. In total, nearly 5000 respondents participated in the study. The results allowed us to draw conclusions regarding the profile of contemporary students of foreign philology and to propose some directions in which the programs might evolve.

SENTENCE AS AN OBJECT OF COMPARATIVE LINGUISTICS

The article shows that the sentence is recognized as a fundamental unit of language in comparative linguistics. This structural-syntactic phenomenon exists in a static state in the language system. It is pointed out that an utterance, being a dynamic phenomenon realized in speech, is not a subject of study in comparative linguistics. The sentence, and with it the language's syntax, is recognized as the indispensable linguistic structure with which the comparative study of two or more unrelated languages should begin. The position that the sentence, modality, and proposition constitute the main element of natural language is taken into account. It is concluded that the sentence unit is regarded as the most significant object for comparative linguistics since it is a necessary component of a language system.

Речевые формулы, обслуживающие бытовой дискурс шангодинского говора аварского языка

<p>The article is devoted to the study of the formulas of speech etiquette, the most common in everyday communication of the speakers of the Shangodinsky speech of the Andalal dialect of the Avar language. The relevance of the study is due to the following factors: 1) the real threat of the disappearance of this speech (today, less than a hundred people live in the village of Shangoda; 2) the lack of a special scientific study of the speech in Shangoda, the data on which are scarce and contradictory. The main research objective of the presented article is to describe the communicative functions of etiquette formulas used in the everyday discourse of the Shangodinsky speech of the Andalal dialect, with the identification of their pragmatic and semantic potential. To solve this problem, the following research methods were used: synchronous-descriptive (for a systematic description of various types of etiquette formulas), a functional method (for a communicative-semantic analysis of speech etiquette formulas); method of component analysis (for the analysis of the semantic structure of speech formulas). The method of introspection also turned out to be in demand in the work. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the involvement in scientific circulation of previously unexplored original etiquette vocabulary from the sphere of everyday discourse of one of the unexplored dialects of the Avar language. The results obtained in this connection are new. They have a certain scientific and practical significance for linguistic Dagestan studies. The practical significance of the study conducted in this article lies in the fact that the results obtained in the course of the study can be used in the preparation of special courses on the theory of speech acts, on the principles of discourse construction, as well as in the preparation of lectures on ethno-linguistics, intercultural communication and linguoculturology for the Dagestan audience.</p>

Khlebnikov in China

The question of how Velimir Khlebnikov’s work was perceived in China is among the little studied ones. We have a definite idea of the forms the Chinese theme took in Khlebnikov’s philosophical and aesthetic consciousness as a part of the general orientalist views of the Russian futurist poet. At the same time, the problem of the actual Chinese development of V. Khlebnikov’s artistic heritage (the dialogue among cultures presupposes their two-way connection, interlacement of assessments and judgments) remains open. Thus, the article highlights the most relevant literary and translation aspects of V. Khlebnikov’s reception by the Chinese.These two aspects of research are traditionally closely related, regardless of national culture issues. The measure and depth of literary interest in foreign-language poetry is determined by the volume of translated texts; in a similar degree, the stability and quality of translation corresponds to the literary vector of the foreign word perception. For the Russian research into Far Eastern literature, this state of affairs is quite axiomatic (since without a preliminary theoretical and historical-literary, as well as hermeneutic analyses, it is impossible to truly understand the poetics of ancient Chinese or medieval Japanese lyrical poetry; all other approaches will be considered amateurish with good reason, which, however, does not exclude the presence of a special, “naïve” charm of these translations from Chinese or Japanese, taken in isolation from the original). The above thesis is also applicable to the Chinese research into Russian literature (Chinese studies of Russian literature), which has been intensively developing in recent years.The article traces the stages in scientific and philological studies of V. Khlebnikov’s work in China, explains the reasons for Chinese interest in the Silver Age in general and the work of the author of the “Khadzhi Tarkhan” in particular, analyzes the strategies of individual translations of Khlebnikov’s poems into Chinese, taking into account the increased complexity in the transmission of “zaum'” by means of the linguistic system so strikingly different in its internal structure and writing system from Russian.

Linguistic landscape study: signs of public transportation places in Sidoarjo regency

Linguistic landscape study: signs of public transportation places in Sidoarjo regency

Researching Ibn Muhanna’s dictionary in terms of linguistic features

In many linguistic studies, many studies have been conducted on the work “Hilyetü’l-insan” and “Halbetü’l-lisan”, which was mentioned as Ibn Muhanna’s Dictionary, whose real name was revealed when the Istanbul copy was found, and which belongs to Jamaladdin Ibn Muhanna. In the middle of the century, the Persian, Turkic and Mongolian languages gained influence and were widely used in Iraq as well as in the entire Elkhanid territory. Ibn Muhenna wrote his dictionaries “Hilyetü’l-insan” and “Halbetü’l-lisan” in this scientific environment. It is estimated that it was written in Meraga or Baghdad in the second half of the century. Despite the fact that the official language of the Elkhanid state is Turkic, Ibn Muhanna wrote his work in Arabic based on the main features of these three languages, considering that Arabic, Persian and Mongolian languages are also used in cultural, administrative, commercial and public life. According to the Istanbul copy of the introduction and the three-part dictionary, pages 5–111 were devoted to Persian, pages 113–310 to Turkic, and pages 311–371 to Mongolian. The part of the work related to the Persian language consists of an introduction and twenty-eight chapters where general grammatical rules are explained. In this research study, we will try to compare the linguistic features of Ibn Muhanna’s Dictionary.

The development of crop production in the northern Horn of Africa: a review of the archaeobotanical evidence

ABSTRACT This article presents a synthesis of the hypotheses and evidence for plant domestication and the origins of agriculture in the northern Horn of Africa. To date, available archaeological data point to an introduction of agricultural practices to Ethiopia during the late Holocene, c. 1600 BC, influenced by adjacent areas including eastern Sudan, Egypt and southern Arabia. The archaeobotanical record shows that farming in the northern highlands was based on the cultivation of barley, linseed and lentils, combined with the exploitation of local wild grasses from the Panicoideae and Chloridoideae sub-families. This indicates that local populations also played a role in the development of productive activities in the region, a process that might have been in place before the arrival of the southwest Asian agricultural package. After the first millennium BC, amidst an increase in sedentary settlements in the region, new domesticated crops appeared in the archaeological record. These include exogenous crops such as emmer wheat, but also indigenous plants such as t’ef and noog, which were locally domesticated likely throughout the Pre-Aksumite period. With the rise of the Aksumite Kingdom, c. 50 BC – AD 700, the agricultural package again expanded to include of a wide range of pulses, geophytes and other economic crops. Macrobotanical remains of sorghum and finger millet also appear for the first time during this period, although this contrasts with the microbotanical record of the region, which points to an earlier presence. In the southern highlands and southwest Ethiopia, evidence of Plectranthus edulis (Vatke) Agnew (Ethiopian potato or Oromo potato) has been identified by the late first millennium BC, pointing towards an earlier domestication than previously considered. Similarly, enset and coffee remains have been documented during the early first millennium AD. Altogether, new studies are needed to confirm some of these hypotheses, as archaeobotanical studies in the northern Horn are still limited. The combination of macrobotanical and microbotanical data, along with ethnoarchaeological and experimental research programs and linguistic studies, will be of critical importance for refining our current understanding of the processes associated with plant domestication and the introduction of crop production in the region.

Folklore Elements in the Poetry of Ekaterina Kletnovaya

The article is devoted to one of the characteristic features of the poetic works of E.N. Kletnova (1869–1938), whose literary work is still not known to the general public and has not previously become the subject of a comprehensive philological study. Poems by E.N. Kletnova are filled with various folklore elements − syntactic constructions and language formulas, lexical means of expression, compositional elements (introduction to a song and song), epic images. The author especially actively resorts to folklore stylization when creating poems on general cultural and political topics, trying to give them a folk-epic sound. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: a comparative-stylistic method to establish the similarities and
 differences in the language design of E.N. Kletnova and folklore genres; a structural method for analyzing the specific structure of the text; a conceptual analysis to reveal the picture of the world of the author's linguistic personality; a descriptive method.
 It was concluded that folklore elements in the poetry of E.N. Kletnova, firstly, are a reflection of her scientific, primarily ethnographic studies; secondly, they are used to create a special native Russian flavor in the poetic disclosure of vital social topics;
 thirdly, they express the interest in mythological antiquities and folklore tradition characteristic of the Silver Age.